RESEARCH

Background slides and non-technical video presentation on reserve (categorized priority) systems

Webinar on Rationing Medical Resources in a Pandemic co-organized by Berman Institute of Bioethics, Hopkins Business of Health Initiative, and the Economics Department at Johns Hopkins University.
Shorter and non-technical pdf slides for the 05/05/2020 Johns Hopkins University Webinar.
Longer and partly technical pdf slides for the 11/17/2020 Harvard-MIT Theory Seminar.

Research behind reserve systems for pandemic medical resource rationing

Primary Reference:

Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, M. Utku Ünver, and M. Bumin Yenmez, "Fair Allocation of Vaccines, Ventilators, and Antiviral Treatments: Leaving No Ethical Value Behind in Health Care Rationing." forthcoming, Management Science [open access]
- Initial Draft: “Leaving No Ethical Value Behind: Triage Protocol Design for Pandemic Rationing.” NBER (April 2020) preprint

Follow-up Policy Research:

Erin K. McCreary, Utibe R. Essien, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Rachel A. Butler, Parag Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, M. Utku Ünver, Ashley Steiner, Maddie Chrisman, Derek C. Angus, Douglas B. White “Weighted Lottery to Equitably Allocate Scarce Supply of COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody,” JAMA Health Forum, (2023) 4(9):e232774.
Parag A. Pathak, Govind Persad, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver. "Reserve System Design for Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in a Pandemic: Some Perspectives from the Field.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, (Winter 2022) 38(4): 924-940.
Douglas B. White, Erin K. McCreary, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Mark Schmidhofer, Ryan Bariola, Naudia N. Jonaissant, Govind Persad, Robert D. Truog, Parag Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver. "A Multi-center Weighted Lottery to Equitably Allocate Scarce Covid-19 Therapeutics.” American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, (August 2022) 206(4): 503-506.
Govind Persad, Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver. “Fair Access to Scarce Medical Capacity for Non-covid-19 Patients: A Role for Reserves.” The British Medical Journal, (February 1, 2022) 376:o276.
Emily Rubin, Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Sarah P. Hammond, Parag Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver. "A Novel Approach to Equitable Distribution of Scarce Therapeutics: Institutional Experience Implementing a Reserve System for Allocation of Covid-19 Monoclonal Antibodies." CHEST (December 1st, 2021) 160(6): 2324-2331
Tayfun Sönmez, Parag A. Pathak, M. Utku Ünver, Govind Persad, Robert D. Truog, and Douglas B. White, "Categorized Priority Systems: A New Tool for Fairly Allocating Scarce Medical Resources in the Face of Profound Social Inequities." CHEST (March 1st, 2021) 159(3): 1294-1299
Harald Schmidt, Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver, "Covid-19: How To Prioritize Worse-off Populations in Allocating Safe and Effective Vaccines." The British Medical Journal (October 2020) 371:m3795
Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver, "Improving Ventilator Rationing Through Collaboration With Experts on Resource Allocation." JAMA Network Open (2020) 3(6):e2012838. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12838
Harald Schmidt, Parag A. Pathak, Michelle Williams, Tayfun Sönmez, M. Utku Ünver, and Lawrence Gostin, “Rationing Safe and Effective COVID-19 Vaccines: Allocating to States Proportionate to Population May Undermine Commitments to Mitigating Health Disparities.” SSRN (November 2020) preprint
Harald Schmidt, M. Utku Ünver, Michelle Williams, Parag A. Pathak, Tayfun Sönmez, and Lawrence Gostin, "What Prioritizing Worse-Off Minority Groups for COVID-19 Vaccines Means Quantitatively: Practical, Legal and Ethical Implications." SSRN (November 2020) preprint
Parag A. Pathak, Harald Schmidt, Adam Solomon, Edwin Song, Tayfun Sönmez, and M. Utku Ünver, "Do Black and Indigenous Communities Receive their Fair Share of Vaccines Under the 2018 CDC Guidelines?" NBER (September 2020) preprint

Bioethics papers endorsing/advocating reserve systems in medical rationing

Govind Persad, Monica E. Peek M, and Ezekiel J. Emanuel. "Fairly Prioritizing Groups for Access to COVID-19 Vaccines." The Journal of the American Medical Association (2020) 324 (16):1601–1602
Harald Schmidt. "Vaccine Rationing and the Urgency of Social Justice in the Covid‐19 Response." The Hastings Center Report (May/June 2020) 50 (3), 46-49
Panagis Galiatsatos, Allen Kachalia, Harolyn M. E. Belcher, Mark T. Hughes, Jeffrey Kahn, Cynda H. Rushton, Jose I. Suarez, Lee Daugherty Biddison, and Sherita H. Golden. "Health equity and distributive justice considerations in critical care resource allocation." The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (August 1, 2020) 8 (8), 758-760
David Wasserman, Govind Persad, and Joseph Millum. "Setting priorities fairly in response to Covid-19: identifying overlapping consensus and reasonable disagreement," Journal of Law and the Biosciences (January-June 2020) 7 (1)
Alan T. Makhoul and Brian C. Drolet, "A Reserve System for the Equitable Allocation of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine." CHEST (March 1, 2021) 159(3), 1292-1293
William Dwight Miller, Xuan Han, Monica E. Peek, Deepshikha Charan Ashana, and William F. Parker. "Accuracy of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score for In-Hospital Mortality by Race and Relevance to Crisis Standards of Care." JAMA Network Open (2021) 4(6):e2113891. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13891
En-Ling Wu, Rebecca N. Kumar, W. Justin Moore, Gavin T. Hall, Indre Vysniauskaite, Kwang-Youn A. Kim, Michael P. Angarone, Valentina Stosor, Michael G. Ison, Adam Frink, Chad J. Achenbach, and Khalilah L. Gates. "Disparities in COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibody Delivery: a Retrospective Cohort Study." Journal of General Internal Medicine (April 25, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-022-07603-4

Medical papers documenting adoption of reserve systems

Harald Schmidt, Rebecca Weintraub, Michelle A. Williams, Kate Miller, Alison Buttenheim, Emily Sadecki, Helen Wu, Aditi Doiphode, Neha Nagpal, Lawrence O. Gostin, and Angela A. Shen, "Equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States." Nature Medicine (May 18, 2021) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01379-6

References on ethics of rationing scarce medical resources during a pandemic

Govind Persad, Alan Wertheimer, and Ezekiel J. Emanuel, "Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions." The Lancet (January 31, 2009) 373 (9661): 423-431
Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Govind Persad, Ross Upshur, Beatriz Thome, Michael Parker, Aaron Glickman, Cathy Zhang, Connor Boyle, Maxwell Smith, and James P. Phillips, "Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19." The New England Journal of Medicine (May 21, 2020) 382: 2049-2055
Robert D. Truog, Christine Mitchell, and George Q. Daley, “The Toughest Triage – Allocating Ventilators in a Pandemic.” The New England Journal of Medicine (May 21, 2020) 382:1973-1975
Douglas B. White and Bernard Lo, "A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic." The Journal of the American Medical Association (2020) 323(18):1773-1774